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Miocene
Cherry Creek, Nevada
Juniper is readily recognized by the loose structure of its xylem or true wood. Identification of woods of most fossil angiosperms (flowering trees), is made by comparative microscopic studies of their modern relatives. The most helpful diagnostic features are the vascular elements which conduct fluids and nutriments. These are best seen in cross-sections where their size, shape, arrangement and number per given area can be assessed. Also useful in identification are rays - the horizontal vascular systems - and growth rings.